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시대

All presidential and parliamentary elections held during the independence era have been deemed flawed by independent western monitoring groups.

Post-Soviet world: what you need to know about Kazakhstan

Nursultan Nazarbayev has led Kazakhstan as president since independence in 1991, extending his tenure through constitutional revisions and flawed elections

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/09/-sp-post-soviet-world-need-to-know-kazakhstan#:~:text=All%20presidential%20and%20parliamentary%20elections%20held%20during%20the%20independence%20era%20have%20been%20deemed%20flawed%20by%20independent%20western%20monitoring%20groups.%20